In an 8-bit black and white image, 0 would represent black and 256 would represent white, with the values in between representing shades of gray. This signal is represented in digital form – bigger number represents a brighter pixel. The photo site on an image sensor responds to light by sending out an electrical signal in proportion to the number of photons that hit it’s surface. A codec is a program that tells a computer how to interpret numbers as images How many 1’s and 0’s should be read as the data for one pixel? Is this image color or black and white? What are the dimensions of the image? Usually codecs also compress an image, making tradeoffs between data size and image quality, deciding which data is unnecessary and can be thrown away. A codec is a program that can tell the computer how to interpret this data. As we enter the age of machine learning and artificially intelligent cameras, researchers and activists like Joy Buolamwini show how algorithms can encode racial bias.Ī digital image is really just a sequence of 1’s and 0’s representing the brightness value of each pixel (or of the brightness of individual RGB channels in a color image). Consumers complained that HP webcams could not recognize faces with dark skin. Polaroid was sued for making cameras that would help the apartheid South African government surveil dark skin people. Godard famously refused to use Kodak stock. The MPEG LA officeįor example, Kodak stocks and later the JPEG algorithm were engineered around white skin tones. Digging into, breaking, re-appropriating these technologies gives us new ways of understanding the ways gender, class, and race are operative within the technologies we use, and allow us to think more critically about our relationship to the economic interests that structure the environment of media production. We work in a medium that is defined by technologies which are often developed by multi-national corporations and governments. ![]() If your storage drives fail on set and you need to switch to a more compressed format, which will you choose? Kid CudiĪs an editor, cinematographer or director, a deep understanding of how video compression works will only help the decisions you make on set and in post. GLI.TC/H, Takeshi Murata, Hito Steyerl and more!Įxperimental techniques always find their way into narrative and commercial filmmaking and can be effective storytelling tools. ![]() The 1000000th interval (The 64th interval) The Sandin Image Processor and Phil Morton‘s Colorful Colorado
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